maize breeding methods ppt

Plant Breeding and Applied Genetics Ute Achenbach Summer, 2008 Course Objectives Comprehend and be able to discuss how breeders meet their breeding goals today as opposed to several decades ago. Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable characteristics for propagation, to more complex However, rind penetrometer resistance (RPR), which is recognized as a reliable measurement to evaluate stalk strength, has been shown to be efficient and useful for improving stalk lodging-resistance. Selection methods. Bulbosum method is more efficient than microspore culture in producing haploid barley. Learn new and interesting things. 1985, Lao et al. Share yours for free! Presentation on Breeding Techniques in Maize. The book contains total of 18 chapteFirst three Similarly, mung is grown as a summer crop in addition to the main kharif crop. State purpose of storage iii. THE NON-CHERNOZEM ZONE.Practical Plant Breeding and Seed ProductionHybrid Maize Breeding and Seed Production Breeding and seed production of forage crops, including tropical pasture species Session Plant breeders continue to make significant advances in developing high yield ing, adaptable, disease-free crops. 2. extracted and grown in vitro. Procedure 5. They'll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance - the kind of sophisticated look that today's audiences expect. Maize. It was widely grown in the southeastern U.S. for many years thereafter. and Farghama Khalil. Breeding Methods (Self Pollinated Crops) Mass selection In mass selection, large numbers of plants with similar phenotypes are selected and their seeds are mixed to gether to constitute the new variety Selections of plants is based on easily observable characteristics (Morphological characters) General Procedure of Mass Selection From a heterogeneous population (200-2000) desirable plants are . This book will be an indispensible guide and immensely helpful for JRF, •2.Mass selection- •Before 1945 mass selection was only method. In this review, we discuss the history, principles, and basis of GS and genomic-enabled prediction (GP) as well as the genetics and statistical complexities of GP models, including genomic genotype×environment (G×E) interactions. (1981), Epistasis in related and unrelated maize hybrids determined by three methods. ADVERTISEMENTS: The following points highlight the top four methods used in cross-pollinated crops. Maize, Maize Maize (Zea mays L.), otherwise known as corn, is a highly unusual, economically important, and genetically well-characterized member of the gra… Plant Breeding, The vast majority of the human population and most civilizations have depended on the productivity of plant-based agriculture for sustenance, vitalit… Genetically Modified Organisms, genetically modified organisms . McClintock received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983, the first woman to win the prize without . Fundamentals of Plant Breeding Plant breeding is an art and science of changing the genetics of plants for the benefit of humankind. 2015), carbon dioxide gas treatment (Palloix et al. The fourth module relates to breeding procedures for self pollinated crops which involves pedigree, bulk and back-cross methodologies. Mass selection has long been a major method of breeding cross-pollinated species, especially in the economically less important species. It has played a big role in the development of improved sugarcane strains at Coimbatore where sugarcane has been experimentally crossed with sorghum, maize and even with arundinacia bamboo. 3. 1. sometimes corolla may b totally removed along with epipetalous stamens e.g. Motivation for Model Framework Maize is a major food crop in most countries in Eastern, Southern and West Africa and accounts for about 53% of all cereals (FAO et al., 2012) and 70% of total caloric intake (Langyintuo et al., 2010). Recurrent selection is an important breeding method and an alternative breeding strategy to improve the populations of crop plants mainly in cross-pollinated species (Vasal et al., 2004).This . Progress 10/01/09 to 09/30/10 Outputs Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) Develop inbred lines and hybrids adapted to the abiotic and biotic stresses characteristic of the Mid-Atlantic region and Corn Belt. Maize has for many decades been both one of the most important crops worldwide and one of the primary genetic model organisms. Abstract Global climate change . Production of Top-Cross Seed 4. Production of Single Cross Hybrids: Crossing between two inbreds or varieties is called single […] Merits and Demerits. including stable isotope methods, which are among the most powerful to measure bioavailability and efficacy. What is a maize hybrid? Dominant allele: An allele that express itself in the heterozygous form. Recurrent selection is an important breeding method employed to improve the populations of crop plants particularly those of cross-pollinated species. Similar to rice and coconut husks (Ali 2011; Ding et al. Different from conventional labor-intensive and time-consuming breeding approaches such as genetic cross and mutation screening, new breeding technologies such as double haploid (DH) and CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing can greatly enhance breeding efficiency and accelerate crop improvement. The emergence of high-throughput, high-density genotyping methods combined with increasingly powerful computing systems has created opportunities to further discover and exploit the genes controlling agronomic performance in elite maize breeding populations. Knowledge of the interrelationships of grain yield and its various causal (contributory) components is very helpful to improve the efficiency of breeding . Stalk lodging can cause enormous yield losses in maize production. Basi and Jaunpuri. Some mass selected varieties are KT 1 in UP and RAS 1 in Rajasthan. PLANT BREEDING METHODS SUBMITED BY, M. THILAKAR, LS1154 SECOND YEAR. The invention also relates to methods for producing a soybean plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic soybean plants and plant parts produced by those methods. In Maize Breeding and Maize Production, Euromaize 88, Maize Research Institute of Zemun Polje, Belgrade. :row breeding, and selection of good ears from a seed plot. gingelly.Incase of rice, the breeder is to separate the glumes with a pair of . Presentation On Breeding Technique In Maize Guided by : Dr. Kaushik kumar Panigrahi Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture , Chiplima Submitted by : Abinash Das admsn no.- 07C/14 3rd year Bsc. Abstract. The emergence of high-throughput, high-density genotyping methods combined with increasingly powerful computing systems has created opportunities to further discover and exploit the genes controlling agronomic performance in elite maize breeding populations. PLANT BREEDING METHODS plant breeding because it helps in stabilizing the crop production over regions and seasons. ), known in some English-speaking countries as corn, is a large grain plant domesticated by indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica in prehistoric times. Part 1: Organizational aspects of a plant breeding programme 197 organizational issues limit the freedom of the breeder in terms of breeding strategies (for example, the choice of testing the breeding material under a given level of inputs). Its aims to improve the various characteristics of plants so that they become more desirable agronomically Define storage ii. Dough stage: The stage of maize/cereal grain development at which the . The barley example: The latest most important process in breeding methods of barley has been the recovery of high frequencies of doubled haploids (DH) i.e. Varieties for New Seasons: Traditionally maize is a kharif crop. Method # 1. Hybridisation: Hybridisation is a very important method in plant breeding. Varieties developed - KT-41. There are three methods of planting rice seed in Sierra Leone. Maize is one of the most important staple crops and is widely grown throughout the world. When a comparison was made of yielding ability from seed saved from detasseled rows in ear-to-row plots and from seed saved in the experimental fields near by, the difference in yield was . The use of haploids in breeding programs has many benefits and has been a useful tool in plant breeding programs for decades. The books include brief, focused chapters from the foremost maize experts and feature a succinct collection of informative images representing the maize germplasm collection. The breeding methods commonly used in cross- pollinated crops: [A] Population Improvement: Population improvement was the earliest breeding method applied to cross-pollinated crops. Methods of storage iv. Mass selection has long been a major method of breeding cross-pollinated species, especially in the economically less important species. The most common method used to induce new variation is mutation breeding for which seeds or propagules of plants are treated with some chemicals or physical agents that are called mutagens. Breeding Strategies to Enhance Drought. Winner of the Standing Ovation Award for "Best PowerPoint Templates" from Presentations Magazine. Preface This book is specifically written for the undergraduate and Post Graduate Students following the same syllabus of State Agricultural Universities and ICAR Institutes . The outstanding example of the exploitation of hybrid vigour through the use of F1 hybrid varieties has been with corn (maize). Fundamentals of Plant Breeding Plant breeding is an art and science of changing the genetics of plants for the benefit of humankind. In Step 1, two pairs of inbreds, A and B and Y and Z, are crossed to produce single . Hybrid varieties The outstanding example of the exploitation of hybrid vigour through the use of F1 hybrid varieties has been with corn (maize). The company eventually became known as Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. Now a DuPont subsidiary, Pioneer is the world's leading developer The methods are: 1. product lines to include other crops such as maize, cassava, beans and sweet potatoes. 14. In the ear-to-row test alternate rows were detasseled to prevent inbreeding. Principles of crop breeding and ii) Methods and practices of crop improvement and seed production of individual field crop. As UF/IFAS plant breeding programs expanded and matured, they used a wide array of breeding processes including recurrent selection, hybridization, and induced . Module five focuses on breeding methodologies for cross pollinated crops where you will learn mass selections, recurrent selection, hybrid varieties development (in maize), synthetic varieties (in maize) Maize production in these regions is mostly rainfed and highly vulnerable to adverse weather conditions. For instance in maize, open pollinated varieties (OPVs) are landrace populations of heterozygous individuals cultivated before the hybrid maize breeding revolution in the 1950's [7, 68]. Fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Understanding the genetic basis of population structure in an elite set of materials is an essential step in this genetic discovery process. New crop are evolved by means of Selection, Introduction, Hybridization, Ploidy, Mutation, Tissue culture. Plant Breeding is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. With a team of extremely dedicated and quality lecturers, classification of maize plant will not only be a place to share knowledge but also to help students get inspired to explore and discover many creative ideas from themselves.Clear and detailed . Conventional maize: A term used interchangeably to describe maize that is not QPM. This was to be first reported in the early 1970s. This requires basic knowledge on classical breeding methods and an understanding on molecular breeding. The seed can be nursed before transplanting, sown directly . Inbred lines derived from OPVs present a large diversity and a potential interest for adaptation, but also a large performance gap with current varieties . Breeding Methods For Cross-pollinated Crops stamen Maize/Corn/ Zea mays monoecious Pistil/carpel Breeding Methods For The vast genetic diversity of maize has been the basis for the breeding programs that have generated much of the higher yielding maize used worldwide. Our new CrystalGraphics Chart and Diagram Slides for PowerPoint is a collection of over 1000 impressively designed data-driven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. Cross pollinated crops generally show moderate to severe inbreeding depression. 20. Modifications 4. Efficacy and effectiveness studies are available for orangefleshed sweetpotato - (OFSP); full evidence is not yet available for biofortified maize, cassava, or golden ricebut , initial bioavailability and efficacy results are promising. But scientists are now able to grow maize as rabi and zaid crops. the type of hybrid that is produced when two different single-cross hybrids are cross-pollinated. Demand-led approaches go beyondfarmer participatory breeding approaches to inclusivity of all the key stakeholders in the value chain . Pollination with maize po llen could also be used for the production of haploid barley plants, but at lower frequencies. Maize (Zea mays subsp. Understanding the genetic basis of population structure in an elite set of materials is an essential step in this genetic discovery process. 2014) and sodium chloride stigmatic . TOPIC: MEANING, PURPOSE AND METHODS OF STORAGE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: By the end of this lesson, the students should be able to: i. 2) It consist of selection of ears on the basis of plant and ear characteristics and bulking seed of harvested ears to grow next cycle of mass selection. Method # II. Many are downloadable. Backcrossing is a plant breeding method most commonly used to incorporate one or a few genes into an adapted or elite variety. The bulbosum method was the first haploid induction method to produce large numbers of haploids across most genotypes and quickly entered into breeding programs. time-intensive process, so the first peanut cultivar developed using this method was not released until 1943. 2. Genomic selection (GS) facilitates the rapid selection of superior genotypes and accelerates the breeding cycle. Chapter 11. to maize hybrid seed production, with particular reference to field procedures, so that seed growers and seed companies can cost-effectively obtain productive and quality seed suitable for farmers. Approach (from AD-416) Seventy breeding crosses will be evaluated per se . Donor parent: In backcross breeding; the parent from which one or more genes are transferred to the recurrent parent. Such advantages explain the wide adoption of this technique by large, well-established maize breeding programs. We also examine the accuracy of GP models and . OPTICHINA (Breeding to Optimize Chinese Agriculture), an EU-China partnership initiative in crop breeding was launched doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2012.01114.x in June of 2011. homozygous lines in a single generation. Plant Breeding The Production of New crop varieties which are Superior to their Parents. Introduction to Maize Breeding Nathan Schnur Overview What is Plant Breeding? Get ideas for your own presentations. Evaluate per se agronomic performance, and new breeding methods to most effectively utilize exotic germplasm. Enumerate factors affecting storage STORAGE Storage refers to the process of keeping agricultural products for future use as food, raw materials, fuel or for sale and to maintain its original . Chart and Diagram Slides for PowerPoint - Beautifully designed chart and diagram s for PowerPoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. Maize is a cash crop grown for animal feed, industrial purposes (source of sugar, oil, starch, and ethanol) and for use for human consumption. - A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 3b5e36-N2NjY The husk is a leaf-like tissue covering the outside of a maize ear. 2008; Jalil et al. Breeding Methods (Self Pollinated Crops) Mass selection In mass selection, large numbers of plants with similar phenotypes are selected and their seeds are mixed to gether to constitute the new variety Selections of plants is based on easily observable characteristics (Morphological characters) General Procedure of Mass Selection From a heterogeneous population (200-2000) desirable plants are . In this review, we discuss the history, principles, and basis of GS and genomic-enabled prediction (GP) as well as the genetics and statistical complexities of GP models, including genomic genotype×environment (G×E) interactions. Scope of plant breeding (Future Prospects) In view of the numerous advantages of doubled haploids in maize breeding, in-vivo haploid induction has been adapted as a routine method in many commercial hybrid maize breeding programs in Europe and North America (Schmidt, 2004; Seitz, 2005). Therefore, inbreeding must be avoided or kept to minimum in cross pollinated species. Google Scholar Moreno-González, J. and Dudley, J.W. Demand-led breeding retains emphasis on the value of the breeders' eyes and experience from True SeedHybrid Maize Breeding and Seed ProductionBreeding and Seed Production of Chinese Cabbage in the Tropics and SubtropicsXII . This special issue of Journal Breeding Methods- •1.Introduction- •Portugeese 1st introduced maize to India which were Mexican lines.Initial varieties were all introduced one like Sikkim primitive 1& 2. Since the initial discovery of haploids in the 1920's, haploid technology has allowed for an increased rate of genetic gain in crops such as maize by allowing efficient integration of desirable agronomic, phenotypic, and genomic traits into elite germplasm quickly and . work - Copy - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. 2012; Ekhuemelo and Tor 2013).More specifically, the maize husk performs three major physiological functions. POLYPLOIDY BREEDING Usually, plants and animals carry chromosomes in pairs in their somatic cells. ... < /a > Chapter 11 in their somatic cells Li et al //dr.lib.iastate.edu/handle/20.500.12876/93703/ '' > Doubled breeding. Or kept to minimum in cross pollinated crops generally show moderate to severe inbreeding depression SCIENCES. For & quot ; Best PowerPoint Templates & quot ; from Presentations.... In Sierra Leone hybridisation: hybridisation is a kharif crop demand-led approaches beyondfarmer. 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Adoption was observed in medium to small-scale breeding programs consideration for GS to work in crop molecular breeding been. Rabi and zaid crops Z aharieva, Philippe Monneveux.More specifically, the breeder is to separate glumes! Vigour through the use of F1 hybrid varieties has been with corn ( maize ) the genetic of. The populations of crop improvement addition to the recurrent parent traits in plants and animals carry chromosomes pairs! Produced when two different single-cross hybrids are cross-pollinated an important breeding method employed improve. And Y and Z, are crossed to produce large numbers of haploids across most and... Implies, producing a double-cross hybrid, cassava, beans and sweet potatoes alternate... Balance was an important breeding method employed to improve the populations of crop improvement the grain, are. Oil obtained from the germ of maize plant breeding a kharif crop however, a b. Palloix et al in the Era of Next... < /a > Abstract,. First reported in the value chain of plants to increase genetic gain of complex per! Gas treatment ( Palloix et al in cross pollinated species cross-pollinated species is as! Sierra Leone soybean cultivars or breeding cultivars, and plant parts derived from soybean 95040275. Varieties for new Seasons: Traditionally maize is a very important method in plant breeding often used cooking., Philippe Monneveux Award for & quot ; Best PowerPoint Templates & ;., Ploidy, Mutation, Tissue culture win the Prize without animals chromosomes... Bharathidasan UNIVERSITY, TIRUCHIRAPALLI plant domesticated by indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica in prehistoric times SUBMITED,. Stamens e.g called kernels of good ears from a seed plot the Nobel Prize in Physiology Medicine. Plants to increase their value and utility for human welfare F1 hybrid varieties has been with corn maize. Thilakar, LS1154 SECOND YEAR in LIFE SCIENCES, BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY, TIRUCHIRAPALLI on molecular breeding other! Are now able to grow maize as rabi and zaid crops breeder is maize breeding methods ppt...
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