View Disorders of the Circulatory System.docx from NURSING 2300 at University of Texas, Arlington. 11.1 Case Study: Your Support System; 11.2 Introduction to the Skeletal System; 11.3 Divisions of the Skeletal System; 11.4 Structure of Bone; 11.5 Bone Growth, Remodeling, and Repair; 11.6 Joints; 11.7 Disorders of the Skeletal System; 11.8 Case Study Conclusion: A Pain in the Foot; Chapter 12 Muscular System 4 Chapter-19: Excretory Products and their Elimination Complications may include collapse of the bone or nearby joint surface.. Risk factors include bone fractures, joint dislocations, alcoholism, and
Plasma is a faint yellow having 90 92 % water, 1 2 % salts, 7 8 % proteins, absorbed food, urea etc. Question 6. Other CVDs include stroke, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, abnormal heart rhythms, congenital heart Complications may include collapse of the bone or nearby joint surface.. Risk factors include bone fractures, joint dislocations, alcoholism, and
It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. Heart Block 5. Components of the Blood.
K08 Other disorders of teeth and supporting structures. Fibrillation 11. The circuit begins with deoxygenated blood returned from the body to the right atrium of the heart where it is pumped out from the right ventricle to the lungs.In the lungs the blood is oxygenated and returned to the left atrium to complete the circuit.. A forum that includes all aspects of pre-clinical and clinical science of the failing heart and lung. In invertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control node for all endocrine systems. Thanks to the unit's high recruitment standards, and a special training program the Regiment implemented several years ago, the unit's soldiers display a very high level of skills and professionalism and are trained to undertake a wide range of special missions during war, crisis and peace time.. SR - (Special Reconnaissance) - timely and accurate intelligence gathering Student will also write any defining characteristics and functions of the circulatory system parts and describe two diseases of the circulatory system and way to prevent these diseases. Mission. It was briefly the world's largest passenger ship until the completion of the Mauretania three months later. The circulatory system includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood. View Notes - Chapter 8 - Cardiovascular System (Diseases and Disorders)- Outline from HS 415 at Brenau University. NCERT Solutions For Class 11. Introduction. For You For Only $13.90/page! There are not a certain cause for Leukemia, it is just the anormal grown of blood cells. occupational respiratory disorders. Excellent notes. K09 Cysts of oral region, not elsewhere classified.
The Official Publication of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation, The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation brings readers essential scholarly and timely information in the field of cardiopulmonary transplantation, mechanical and c) Blood. Fluid statics or hydrostatics is the branch of fluid mechanics that studies the condition of the equilibrium of a floating body and submerged body "fluids at hydrostatic equilibrium and the pressure in a fluid, or exerted by a fluid, on an immersed body".. CBSE has announced the new course structure for Class 11 Biology at the start of the academic year 2022-23. Oxytocin (Oxt or OT) is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide normally produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. Editor/authors are masked to the peer review process and editorial decision-making of their own work and are not able to access this work in About mellitus active learning system diabetes Ati disorder template, Medications & insulin therapy 3 Medication Study Preparation Use the ATI pharmacology ATI Medication templates Daily Med Davis Drug Guide Handouts from class and evolve ReliableDiabetes mellitus, also known simply as System Disorder Active (2016). This leads to certain heart diseases and even stroke. more than\(140{\rm{mmHg}}\) in The pulmonary circulation is a circuit loop from the right heart taking deoxygenated blood to the It encompasses the study of the conditions under which fluids are at rest in stable equilibrium as opposed to fluid dynamics, the Digestive system disorders are also briefly discussed. There are two types of circulatory systems: the open circulatory system and the closed circulatory system. Fun, interesting, and they learn from one another! b) Blood vessels. Figure 11.4 The components of the human digestive system are shown. Heart and blood vessels together constitute the closed circulatory system. 1. multiple infections develop because of the nonfunctional WBCs. The latest CBSE Class 11 Biology syllabus for NCERT textbooks contains comprehensive information about unit-wise segregation of topics, weightage of marks, etc. The chapter also includes the various food components essential in our daily diet, and expounds on the problems caused by the deficiency of them. Q20-Q28. Oedema 9. 11.1 Case Study: Your Support System; 11.2 Introduction to the Skeletal System; 11.3 Divisions of the Skeletal System; 11.4 Structure of Bone; 11.5 Bone Growth, Remodeling, and Repair; 11.6 Joints; 11.7 Disorders of the Skeletal System; 11.8 Case Study Conclusion: A Pain in the Foot; Chapter 12 Muscular System The Circulatory System PowerPoint Template is designed with vector images to illustrate the anatomy of the human heart. 11 C. The student knows that organisms maintain homeostasis. 2. Ebsteins Disease 10. >92% of details and examples are included. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM CHAPTER NO.7 10TH ICSE . Page 4 of 11 excretion; disorders - uremia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney, Scroll down to refer more and download the list of all chapters available in the Class 11 Biology syllabus. Defence System in Our Body: Immune System; Immunity; Types of Immunity; Series: Human circulatory system. 18.6.1 Hypertension. 34. Human Health and Diseases. Early on, there may be no symptoms. High fat diets can lead to formation of fatty plaques lining blood vessels. 11 Images about Circulatory System -Cardiovascular System- Facts ,Functions for Kids : Human circulatory system moving animation for kids class study | Jdy, Neonatal Circulation Movie - Embryology and also Colorful Human Body animation with flares and particles showing veins. Figure 11.4 The components of the human digestive system are shown. K04 Diseases of pulp and periapical tissues. CBSE Syllabus for Class 11 Biology 2019-20 contains all the topics of this session. Components of the Blood. Solved Questions: Structural Organisation in Animals Video | 08:19 min. its good thing for learning. 18.6.1 Hypertension. Respiratory System ICSE Class-6th Concise Selina Biology Solutions Chapter-5.We Provide Step by Step Answer of Objective, True False , Fill in the blanks , Match the following , Short/Long Answer Type of Exercise-5 Respiratory System. RMS Lusitania (named after the Roman province in Western Europe corresponding to modern Portugal) was a British ocean liner that was launched by the Cunard Line in 1906 and that held the Blue Riband appellation for the fastest Atlantic crossing in 1908. The heart is a pumping organ that is provided with valves. The Official Publication of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation, The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation brings readers essential scholarly and timely information in the field of cardiopulmonary transplantation, mechanical and Coronary Artery Disease 3. 2. It encompasses the study of the conditions under which fluids are at rest in stable equilibrium as opposed to fluid dynamics, the 11 Images about The Circulatory System and Diseases - The Daily Health : The Circulatory System: Everything You Need to Know | The Daily Dose, List of Diseases Affecting the Circulatory System and also Medicowesome: Tick borne disease mnemonic. Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 Breathing and Exchange of Gases This form of yoga is widely practised in classes, and may involve meditation, imagery, breath work (pranayama) and calming music as well as postural yoga.. At least three types of health claim 1. By Sachin Kesharwani On Feb 1, 2022. CBSE has announced the new course structure for Class 11 Biology at the start of the academic year 2022-23. The pulmonary circulation is a circuit loop from the right heart taking deoxygenated blood to the AJOG's Editors have active research programs and, on occasion, publish work in the Journal. human circulatory system, cardiac cycle and output, ECG, double circulation, disorders of the circulatory system. NCERT Syllabus for Class 11 Biology 2022-23 - NCERT has released the Class 11 Biology syllabus for the students. Chapter 8 - Cardiovascular System (Diseases and Disorders)- Outline Anatomy and Set a date for the quiz on the material (QUIZ An Introduction to the Circulatory System QUIZ An Introduction to the Circulatory System (Student Handout) Method: INDIVIDUAL FORMAT: 1. RMS Lusitania (named after the Roman province in Western Europe corresponding to modern Portugal) was a British ocean liner that was launched by the Cunard Line in 1906 and that held the Blue Riband appellation for the fastest Atlantic crossing in 1908. Some of the disorders are: 1. The circulatory system functions 24*7 to maintain a proper flow of blood to all parts of the body. The prevalence and type of diseases in mice and rats seen in clinical practice are quite different from those seen in a research setting.
Describe the circulatory system of cockroach. AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis is a hardening of the arteries.It is typically caused by a diet high in fat, which leaves fatty deposits on the lining of the blood vessels. Name the disorders. Atherosclerosis Literally, hardening of the fatty stuff.. Oxytocin is released into the bloodstream as a hormone in response to sexual activity and during labour. The idea that a pill could improve mental and physical performance in healthy people was devised during World War II with various stimulants given to pilots and members of submarine crews [1,2,3,4,5,6].For instance, the first studies on the stimulating and tonic effects of Schisandra chinensis were published in Soviet Union WWII military journals [5,6]. It plays a role in social bonding, reproduction, childbirth, and the period after childbirth. The endocrine system is a messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system, regulating distant target organs.In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems. Digestive system disorders are also briefly discussed. Circulatory system diseases. krishna rathwa August 12, 2019 at 12:47 pm. Changes may be in autosomes or sex chromosomes. Excretory Products and Their Elimination. Oxytocin is released into the bloodstream as a hormone in response to sexual activity and during labour. Blood has two components Plasma and formed elements. By PANDEY TUTORIAL On Apr 6, 2020. AJOG's Editors have active research programs and, on occasion, publish work in the Journal. From the Chapter 18 of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology, you can learn concepts like 18.1 Blood 18.2 Lymph (Tissue Fluid) 18.3 Circulatory Pathways 18.4 Double Circulation 18.5 Regulation of Cardiac Activity 18.6 Disorders of Circulatory System Reply. These MCQ / Objective Type Questions is based on latest reduced syllabus according 2021-22 session on bifurcated pattern. Find 11 ways to say CIRCULATORY, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com, the world's most trusted free thesaurus.
Oxytocin (Oxt or OT) is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide normally produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. It is an increased pressure, i.e. Chap 11: Endocrine Chap 12: Blood Chap 13: Circulatory Chap 15: Digestive Chap 16: Respiratory Chap 17: Urinary Chap 19: Reproductive *Final Cat Dissection. Yoga as therapy is the use of yoga as exercise, consisting mainly of postures called asanas, as a gentle form of exercise and relaxation applied specifically with the intention of improving health. Some of the disorders or diseases related to the circulatory system are as follows: 1. MCQ Circulatory System Class-10 for ICSE Biology Sec-A Sem-2 . A forum that includes all aspects of pre-clinical and clinical science of the failing heart and lung. order now. a) Heart. The circulatory (or cardiovascular) system is a closed network of organs and vessels that moves blood around the body (Figure 25.2). It is also available in Biology is the study of all living things, so it helps people to understand every organism alive. Avascular necrosis (AVN), also called osteonecrosis or bone infarction, is death of bone tissue due to interruption of the blood supply. Overview of the Circulatory System. This chapter focuses primarily on Digestion and absorption of the digested food. Editor/authors are masked to the peer review process and editorial decision-making of their own work and are not able to access this work in 11 Images about Common ailments of the circulatory system : Circulatory system, Cardiovascular (Heart) Diseases: Types and Treatments and also 5 Symptoms of Poor Blood Circulation. From the Chapter 18 of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology, you can learn concepts like 18.1 Blood 18.2 Lymph (Tissue Fluid) 18.3 Circulatory Pathways 18.4 Double Circulation 18.5 Regulation of Cardiac Activity 18.6 Disorders of Circulatory System 18.6.2 Coronary artery Blood Corpuscles are of two types RBCs and WBCs. Four main functions of circulatory system 1. pump 2. blood transport system around body 3. carries oxygen and nutrients to cells, carries away waste products 4. lymph system: returns excess tissue fluid to general circulation Other CVDs include stroke, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, abnormal heart rhythms, congenital heart Cerebro Vascular Accident 6. 6/26/2009 4 Common Diseases of the Cardiovascular System Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) Caused by atherosclerotic plaque in arteries supplying blood to legs
Class 11 Biology Index Page is provided here. its good thing for learning. The Circulatory System. 2. severe hemorrhage ( brain, digestive tract) because of thrombocytopenia. Suraj July 11, 2019 at 10:57 pm. In humans, the major endocrine glands are the thyroid gland and the adrenal glands.
In your activity, each will be tailored to the specific content. NCERT Solutions For Class 11. Materials pass to and from the bloodstream through the thin capillary walls. ADVERTISEMENTS: The following points highlight the nineteen major disorders of circulatory system. First aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person with either a minor or serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery. In its simplest form, the cardiac cycle is the simultaneous contraction of both atria, followed a fraction of a second later by the simultaneous contraction of both ventricles. Published: 2015-04-08 - Updated: 2020-04-01 Author: Disabled World | Contact: www.disabled-world.com Peer-Reviewed Publication: N/A Synopsis: Alphabetical list of currently known Human Neurological Conditions including short definitions for each type of disorder. Full Syllabus, Lectures & Tests to study Biology Class 11 | Notes, Questions, Videos & MCQs - NEET | Best Strategy to prepare for Biology Class 11 | Notes, Questions, Videos & MCQs | Free Course for NEET Exam Cockroach: Circulatory System Video | 15:54 min. Capillary. Diseases or Disorders of Circulatory System. Chapter 11 Skeletal System. krishna rathwa August 12, 2019 at 12:47 pm.
18.6.2 Coronary artery Copy and paste this code into your website. Visit official Website CISCE for detail information about ICSE Board Class-6. K02 Dental caries. The circulatory system includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood. 33.
The lymphatic system is like a drainage system that removes excess fluid from body tissues and returns it to the bloodstream. The diagnosis and treatment of pet mice and rats involves evaluation and care of an individual animal from a household, not the health management of rodents from a research colony. Arteriosclerosis 4. 4 Chapter-19: Excretory Products and their Elimination Student Handout (Google Doc) Upper Circulatory System of the Cat (Game) Lower Circulatory System op the Cat (Game) Cat Vessels (Quizlet) Cat Dissection Photo Quiz. d) Lungs. Some of the disorders or diseases related to the circulatory system are as follows: 1. Marks: 70 human circulatory system - Structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system - hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure. The primary purposes of the circulatory system are to deliver nutrients, immune factors, and oxygen to tissues and to carry away waste products for elimination. Chap 11: Endocrine Chap 12: Blood Chap 13: Circulatory Chap 15: Digestive Chap 16: Respiratory Chap 17: Urinary Chap 19: Reproductive *Final Cat Dissection. The latest CBSE Class 11 Biology syllabus for NCERT textbooks contains comprehensive information about unit-wise segregation of topics, weightage of marks, etc. 21.2. The circulatory system is further divided into two major circuits a pulmonary circulation, and a systemic circulation. The heart consists of cardiac muscle cells that connect with each other they are branched and 2. Chromosomal disorders are due to alteration in the structure or number of chromosome. Recent census figures estimate that about 11.9 percent of Americans ages 15 and older have an ambulatory disability, or about 35 million people. 19. The endocrine system is a messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system, regulating distant target organs.In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems. The circuit begins with deoxygenated blood returned from the body to the right atrium of the heart where it is pumped out from the right ventricle to the lungs.In the lungs the blood is oxygenated and returned to the left atrium to complete the circuit.. NCERT Solutions For Class 11. 29 Full PDFs related to this paper. Avascular necrosis (AVN), also called osteonecrosis or bone infarction, is death of bone tissue due to interruption of the blood supply. then culminate with sharing with the class. The circulatory system is further divided into two major circuits a pulmonary circulation, and a systemic circulation. Disorders Functions Notes. K06 Other disorders of gingiva and edentulous alveolar ridge. The Circulatory System. Mission. In humans, the major endocrine glands are the thyroid gland and the adrenal glands. The heart is the pumping organ that ejects blood into the arterial network. com Anita Schmidt, K.K., &, P.W. Common ailments of the circulatory system. Work on ICD-10 began in 1983, NCERT Solutions Class 11 Commerce; NCERT Solutions For Class 10. 21.1. Copy and paste this code into your website. A neurological The Circulatory System. Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 Breathing and Exchange of Gases Gradually joint pain may develop which may limit the ability to move. 34. The prevalence and type of diseases in mice and rats seen in clinical practice are quite different from those seen in a research setting. I80I89. The idea that a pill could improve mental and physical performance in healthy people was devised during World War II with various stimulants given to pilots and members of submarine crews [1,2,3,4,5,6].For instance, the first studies on the stimulating and tonic effects of Schisandra chinensis were published in Soviet Union WWII military journals [5,6]. Excellent notes. Reply. Disorders Functions Notes. Introduction. These fatty areas can become calcified and hard leading to arteriosclerosis, hardening of the arteries. The pulmonary circulation is a division of the circulatory system in all vertebrates.
Vitamins are another class of essential organic molecules that are required in small quantities. BLOOD RELATED DISORDERS 1)Hypertension-Rupture blood vessels of eyes ,kidneys,brain 2)Coronary artery disease (CAD)-atherosclerosis (deposition of fatty substances in the lining of arteries).It Page 4 of 11 excretion; disorders - uremia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney, Leukemia. Class 11 syllabus will not only help students with the exam preparations but also will help them to 0%. Following are the disorders of the excretory system: Uremia: Presence of excessive amount of urea in the blood. NCERT Solutions Class 11 Commerce; NCERT Solutions For Class 10.
Circulatory System Function: Herbivore Animals: 25 Comments. Marks: 70 human circulatory system - Structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system - hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure. The circulatory system or cardiovascular system comprises the heart and blood vessels, or the bodys plumbing system; see Fig. Check revised CBSE Class 11 Biology Syllabus 2020-21 and download it in PDF format. Circulatory System -Cardiovascular System- Facts ,Functions for Kids. Nursing 3366 Pathologic Processes: Implications for Nursing Lecture Notes: Disorders of the then go over patho in class 4 think O2 delivery when you think of perfusion 11. Following are the disorders of the excretory system: Uremia: Presence of excessive amount of urea in the blood. 15.4A. Congenital Heart Diseases 8. 18.6 Disorders of the circulatory system . Station 2: Research using a classroom computer or their own device, students must research a specific question/issue surrounding the topic. The blood is then returned to the heart via the venous system. CVD includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). CVD includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). See more ideas about circulatory system The diagnosis and treatment of pet mice and rats involves evaluation and care of an individual animal from a household, not the health management of rodents from a research colony. The cardiac cycle is the sequence of events in one heartbeat. The cardiovascular system in all vertebrates, consists of the heart and blood vessels. K03 Other diseases of hard tissues of teeth. Overview of the Circulatory System. K05 Gingivitis and periodontal diseases. Hypertension It is another name for high blood pressure.
The lungs are a part of the respiratory system. Carbon dioxide (CO2) Gas (waste) released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart and then to the lungs for exhalation.
After learning about the cardiovascular system, students select a disorder/disease that effects that body system and research it. Circulatory system. Leukemia is cancer of the blood cells. Diseases of arteries, arterioles and capillaries. 4. bone pain is severe and steady, continuing during rest. 19. Published: 2015-04-08 - Updated: 2020-04-01 Author: Disabled World | Contact: www.disabled-world.com Peer-Reviewed Publication: N/A Synopsis: Alphabetical list of currently known Human Neurological Conditions including short definitions for each type of disorder. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. It was briefly the world's largest passenger ship until the completion of the Mauretania three months later. ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Answer: The circulatory system is of open type. Publications; List of Neurological Disorders and Their Descriptions. Hypertension It is another name for high blood pressure. NCERT Syllabus for Class 11 Biology 2022-23 - NCERT has released the Class 11 Biology syllabus for the students. The pulmonary circulation is a circuit loop from the right heart taking deoxygenated blood to the Vitamins are another class of essential organic molecules that are required in small quantities. Circulatory System Function: Herbivore Animals: 25 Comments. The circulatory system is further divided into two major circuits a pulmonary circulation, and a systemic circulation. Class 11 NCERT solutions Class 11 Maths NCERT solutions target organs through feedback loops of hormones released by the internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system. THE CARDIAC CYCLE 1. It plays a role in social bonding, reproduction, childbirth, and the period after childbirth. They summarize: cause, symptoms, treatment, etc. Living things require a circulatory system to deliver food, oxygen, and other needed substances to all cells, and to take away waste products.Materials are transferred between individual cells and their internal environment through the cell membrane by diffusion, osmosis, and active transport.During diffusion and osmosis, molecules move from a This chapter focuses primarily on Digestion and absorption of the digested food. Publications; List of Neurological Disorders and Their Descriptions. The cardiovascular system in all vertebrates, consists of the heart and blood vessels.
The pulmonary circulation is a division of the circulatory system in all vertebrates. 21.2. Circulatory Disorders. Excretory Products and Their Elimination. Class 11 Biology Index Page is provided here.
But blockages in the blood vessels might affect the functioning of the heart. Chapter 11 Skeletal System. Read Paper.
Diseases of veins, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes, not elsewhere classified. A short summary of this paper. myCBSEguide provides you latest Syllabus for Class 11. The Circulatory System and Diseases - The Daily Health. Along with the respiratory, circulatory and digestive systems, the Excretory System is one of the most significant biological systems in our bodies. Have students complete their vocabulary list, reading and questions on An Introduction to the Circulatory System (Student Handout). system, as well as treatment options and prevention.Diseases that can affect the circulatory system include:1. Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels.Most of this pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system.When used without qualification, the term "blood pressure" refers to the pressure in the large arteries.Blood pressure is usually expressed in terms of the systolic pressure (maximum pressure during one Gradually joint pain may develop which may limit the ability to move. Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels.Most of this pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system.When used without qualification, the term "blood pressure" refers to the pressure in the large arteries.Blood pressure is usually expressed in terms of the systolic pressure (maximum pressure during one
The vector-based graphics let users customize PowerPoint shapes by changing colors, sizes, and shape effects. Work on ICD-10 began in 1983, Suraj July 11, 2019 at 10:57 pm. Hypertension 2. Chapter-18: Body Fluids and Circulation Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its function; human circulatory system - Structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, CLASS XI (2022 -23) (THEORY) Time: 03 Hours Max. CLASS XI (2022 -23) (THEORY) Time: 03 Hours Max. Yoga as therapy is the use of yoga as exercise, consisting mainly of postures called asanas, as a gentle form of exercise and relaxation applied specifically with the intention of improving health. GRADE 11 COLLEGE BIOLOGY CURRICULUM the respiratory system and the circulatory system.Students will learn about the functions of each system and how dysfunction can lead to various symptoms and disorders.